MCP SSH Server

A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides comprehensive SSH and serial console access to remote servers and network devices. Enables AI tools like Claude Desktop to securely manage Linux servers, network switches, and infrastructure devices through both network SSH connections and direct USB-to-Serial console access.

Features

Core SSH Capabilities

• SSH connection management with password or key-based authentication
• Remote command execution with timeout handling
• File upload and download via SFTP
• Directory listing and file operations
• Secure connection handling

Network Device Management

• USB-to-Serial Console Access - Direct console connections via FTDI and other USB adapters
• Network Switch Management - Full support for Cisco IOS/IOS-XE and Aruba switches
• Device Discovery - Automatic detection of switch types and capabilities
• Configuration Management - Backup, restore, and automated configuration
• Network Diagnostics - Built-in ping, traceroute, and connectivity testing
• Console-to-SSH Transition - Automated SSH setup via console connection
• Firmware Management - Upload, verify, install, and rollback switch firmware

Server Management

• Ubuntu server management tools (Nginx, SSL, packages, firewall)
• Compatible with Claude Desktop, VS Code, and other MCP-compatible clients

Real-World Production Testing

This tool has been extensively tested in production network environments:

• Network Discovery - Successfully discovered previously unknown fluttering ports on production switches that were causing intermittent connectivity issues
• Zero Downtime - Managed multiple switches in live production networks without causing any network disruptions or outages
• Time Savings - Automated SSH configuration reduced switch setup time from 15-20 minutes to under 2 minutes
• Reliability - Zero incidents during production deployments across multiple network devices
• USB-to-Serial Compatibility - Tested with FTDI FT232R/FT232H, Prolific PL2303, Silicon Labs CP2102/CP2104, and CH340 adapters
• Switch Compatibility - Validated on Cisco Catalyst 2960/3560/3750 and Aruba 2530/2930 series switches

The tool has proven itself reliable enough for production network management tasks without requiring a separate lab environment for testing.

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18 or higher
• npm or yarn
• Compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux

Installation

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone https://github.com/yourusername/mcp-ssh-server.git
   cd mcp-ssh-server
   

2. Install dependencies:

   npm install
   

3. Build the project:

   npm run build
   

4. Install globally (optional):

   npm install -g .
   

Configuration

Claude Desktop Configuration

1. Open Claude Desktop
2. Go to Settings > Developer (or press Ctrl+Shift+D)
3. Edit the MCP configuration
4. Add the following configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ssh-server": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["/path/to/mcp-ssh-server/build/index.js"],
      "env": {
        "NODE_NO_WARNINGS": "1"
      }
    }
  }
}

Important: Replace /path/to/mcp-ssh-server/build/index.js with the absolute path to your built index.js file.

VS Code Configuration (if using MCP extension)

Create or edit .vscode/mcp.json in your workspace:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ssh-server": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["/path/to/mcp-ssh-server/build/index.js"]
    }
  }
}

Available Tools

Core SSH Tools

ssh_connect

Establish an SSH connection to a remote server.

Parameters:

• host (required) - Hostname or IP address
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (optional) - SSH password
• privateKeyPath (optional) - Path to private key file
• passphrase (optional) - Passphrase for private key
• port (optional) - SSH port (default: 22)
• connectionId (optional) - Unique identifier for this connection

Returns:

• success - Boolean indicating success
• connectionId - ID to use for subsequent commands
• message - Connection status message

Example:

Connect to my server at example.com using username 'admin' and password authentication

ssh_exec

Execute a command on the remote server.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID from ssh_connect
• command (required) - Command to execute
• cwd (optional) - Working directory
• timeout (optional) - Command timeout in milliseconds (default: 60000)

Returns:

• code - Exit code
• signal - Signal that terminated the process (if any)
• stdout - Standard output
• stderr - Standard error

Example:

Run "ls -la /var/www/html" on the server

ssh_upload_file

Upload a file to the remote server.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID from ssh_connect
• localPath (required) - Local file path
• remotePath (required) - Remote destination path

Returns:

• success - Boolean indicating success
• message - Upload status message

ssh_download_file

Download a file from the remote server.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID from ssh_connect
• remotePath (required) - Remote file path
• localPath (required) - Local destination path

Returns:

• success - Boolean indicating success
• message - Download status message

ssh_list_files

List files in a directory on the remote server.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID from ssh_connect
• remotePath (required) - Directory path to list

Returns:

• files - Array of file objects with properties:
  • filename - File name
  • isDirectory - Boolean indicating if it's a directory
  • size - File size
  • lastModified - Last modification time

ssh_disconnect

Close an SSH connection.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID from ssh_connect

Returns:

• success - Boolean indicating success
• message - Disconnection status message

Usage Examples with Claude

1. Connect to your server:

   Please connect to my VPS at example.com using username 'admin' and my SSH key at ~/.ssh/id_rsa
   

2. Check server status:

   Run the command "systemctl status nginx" to check web server status
   

3. Upload a website file:

   Upload my local file ~/websites/index.html to /var/www/html/index.html on the server
   

4. List website files:

   Show me all files in the /var/www/html directory
   

5. Download a backup:

   Download the file /var/backups/website-backup.tar.gz to my local Downloads folder
   

6. Disconnect when done:

   Please disconnect from the SSH session
   

Network Switch Management Tools

switch_discover_device

Discover and identify network switch device type and capabilities.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

switch_show_interfaces

Show interface status and configuration on network switch.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• interfaceType (optional) - Type of interfaces to show
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

switch_show_vlans

Show VLAN configuration and status on network switch.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

switch_backup_config

Backup switch configuration (running or startup config).

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• configType (optional) - Type of configuration to backup
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

switch_network_diagnostics

Run network diagnostics from switch (ping, traceroute).

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• target (required) - Target IP address or hostname
• diagnosticType (optional) - Type of diagnostic to run
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

switch_show_mac_table

Show MAC address table on network switch.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• vlan (optional) - Specific VLAN to show MAC addresses for
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

USB-to-Serial Console Tools

These tools enable direct console access to network devices using USB-to-Serial adapters. This is essential for initial device setup, emergency access when network connectivity is lost, or when SSH has not yet been configured.

Supported USB-to-Serial Adapters:

• FTDI FT232R/FT232H (recommended - most reliable)
• Prolific PL2303 (widely compatible)
• Silicon Labs CP2102/CP2104 (good performance)
• CH340/CH341 chipsets (budget-friendly option)

All adapters work with standard Cisco/Aruba console cables (RJ45 to DB9 or direct USB).

serial_list_ports

List available USB-to-Serial ports on the system. Automatically detects FTDI, Prolific, Silicon Labs, and CH340 adapters.

Example:

Show me all available serial ports

serial_connect

Connect to a network device via USB-to-Serial console port.

Parameters:

• port (required) - Serial port name (e.g., COM3 on Windows, /dev/ttyUSB0 on Linux)
• baudRate (optional) - Baud rate (default: 9600 for most switches)
• connectionId (optional) - Unique identifier for connection
• deviceType (optional) - Device type for optimal settings (cisco, aruba, generic)

Example:

Connect to my Cisco switch console on COM3

serial_send_command

Send a command to network device via serial connection.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection
• command (required) - Command to send to device
• waitForResponse (optional) - Wait for device response
• timeout (optional) - Response timeout in milliseconds

Example:

Send "show version" command to the console connection

serial_discover_device

Discover device type and capabilities via serial connection. Automatically identifies Cisco IOS, Cisco IOS-XE, Aruba, and generic devices.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection

Example:

Discover what type of device is connected

serial_list_connections

List all active serial connections.

serial_disconnect

Disconnect from a serial port.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection

Ubuntu Website Management Tools

The following Ubuntu server management tools are available:

• ubuntu_nginx_control - Web server control (start, stop, restart, status, reload, check-config)
• ubuntu_update_packages - System package updates with security-only option
• ubuntu_ssl_certificate - SSL certificate management using Let's Encrypt (issue, renew, status, list)
• ubuntu_website_deployment - Website deployment with automatic backup and restore
• ubuntu_ufw_firewall - Firewall (UFW) management (enable, disable, allow, deny, delete)

SSH Setup & Automation Tools

These tools automate the process of configuring SSH access on network switches via console connection, enabling a smooth transition from console-only to SSH-based management.

switch_generate_ssh_config

Generate SSH configuration template for a network switch based on device type and security level.

Parameters:

• deviceType (optional) - Device type: cisco, aruba (auto-detected if not specified)
• securityLevel (optional) - Security level: basic, secure (default: basic)
• hostname (required) - Switch hostname
• ip_address (required) - Management IP address
• subnet_mask (optional) - Subnet mask (default: 255.255.255.0)
• gateway (required) - Default gateway
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (required) - SSH password

switch_apply_ssh_config

Apply SSH configuration to a switch via an active serial console connection.

Parameters:

• serialConnectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection
• deviceType (optional) - Device type: cisco, aruba
• hostname (required) - Switch hostname
• ip_address (required) - Management IP address
• gateway (required) - Default gateway
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (required) - SSH password
• confirmApply (required) - Must be true to proceed

switch_verify_ssh_status

Check the current SSH configuration status on a switch via serial connection.

Parameters:

• serialConnectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection

switch_test_ssh_connection

Test SSH connectivity to a newly configured switch.

Parameters:

• ip_address (required) - Switch IP address
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (required) - SSH password
• port (optional) - SSH port (default: 22)

switch_complete_ssh_setup

Complete end-to-end SSH setup workflow via console connection. This automates the entire process of configuring SSH on a switch.

Parameters:

• serialConnectionId (required) - ID of an active serial connection
• hostname (required) - Switch hostname
• ip_address (required) - Management IP address
• gateway (required) - Default gateway
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (required) - SSH password
• confirmSetup (required) - Must be true to proceed

Console-to-SSH Transition Tools

console_to_ssh_transition

Complete automated workflow to transition a network switch from console-only access to SSH management. This is the recommended tool for initial switch setup.

Parameters:

• port (required) - Serial port (e.g., COM3, /dev/ttyUSB0)
• hostname (required) - Switch hostname
• ip_address (required) - Management IP address
• gateway (required) - Default gateway
• username (required) - SSH username
• password (required) - SSH password
• deviceType (optional) - Device type: cisco, aruba (auto-detected if not specified)
• confirmTransition (required) - Must be true to proceed

Example:

Set up SSH on my Cisco switch connected to COM3 with hostname "switch-core-01", IP 192.168.1.10, gateway 192.168.1.1, username "admin"

quick_ssh_check

Quick check of SSH status on a switch via serial connection without making any changes.

Parameters:

• port (required) - Serial port
• baudRate (optional) - Baud rate (default: 9600)
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password if required

Firmware Management Tools

These tools provide comprehensive firmware management capabilities for network switches, including version checking, firmware upload, verification, installation, and rollback preparation.

switch_check_firmware

Check the current firmware version and system information on a network switch.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

Returns:

• Current firmware version
• Boot version
• Device model and serial number
• System uptime
• Full version output

switch_check_storage

Verify available storage space on the switch before firmware upload.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

Returns:

• Flash storage information
• Available space
• File system details

switch_upload_firmware

Upload a firmware file to the network switch via SFTP. Supports large firmware files with 30-minute timeout.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• localFirmwarePath (required) - Local path to firmware file
• remotePath (optional) - Remote path on switch (default: flash:/filename)
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

Example:

Upload firmware file ~/downloads/c2960-lanbasek9-mz.150-2.SE11.bin to the switch

switch_verify_firmware

Verify the integrity of an uploaded firmware file on the switch using MD5 checksums.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• firmwarePath (required) - Path to firmware file on switch
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

Returns:

• Verification status
• MD5 checksum results
• File information

switch_install_firmware

Install firmware on the switch and optionally reboot to apply the update.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• firmwarePath (required) - Path to firmware file on switch
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode
• autoReboot (optional) - Automatically reboot after installation (default: false)

Important: This modifies the boot configuration. Test in a lab environment first!

Example:

Install firmware flash:/c2960-lanbasek9-mz.150-2.SE11.bin and reboot the switch

switch_prepare_rollback

Prepare information needed for firmware rollback in case of issues with new firmware.

Parameters:

• connectionId (required) - ID of an active SSH connection
• enablePassword (optional) - Enable password for privileged mode

Returns:

• Current boot configuration
• Available firmware images
• Rollback instructions

USB-to-Serial Console Setup

Hardware Requirements

USB-to-Serial Adapters:

• FTDI-based adapters (FT232R, FT232H) - Best choice for reliability
• Prolific PL2303 - Widely available and compatible
• Silicon Labs CP2102/CP2104 - Good performance and stability
• CH340/CH341 - Budget option, works well on most systems

Console Cables:

• Cisco console cable (RJ45 to DB9 or USB)
• Aruba/HP console cable (RJ45 to DB9 or USB)
• Universal console cables work with most devices

Driver Installation

Windows:

• FTDI drivers: Usually auto-installed, or download from ftdichip.com
• Prolific drivers: Available from prolific.com.tw
• Silicon Labs drivers: Download from silabs.com
• CH340 drivers: Usually included in Windows 10/11, or download separately

macOS:

• FTDI adapters: Usually work out-of-the-box
• Other adapters: May require driver installation from manufacturer

Linux:

• Most adapters work immediately with kernel drivers
• FTDI, Silicon Labs, CH340: Built into kernel
• Check dmesg after plugging in adapter to verify detection

Quick Start with Console

1. Connect USB-to-Serial adapter to your computer
2. Connect console cable from adapter to switch console port
3. List available ports: "Show me available serial ports"
4. Connect to port: "Connect to COM3 for Cisco switch"
5. Send commands or run automated setup

Security Notes

• Store SSH private keys securely
• Use key-based authentication when possible
• Limit SSH access to specific IP addresses
• Keep your server updated
• Use strong passwords or passphrases (minimum 8 characters)
• Secure physical access to console ports and USB-to-Serial adapters
• Consider setting up environment variables in a .env file for sensitive information

Troubleshooting

Server won't start

• Check that Node.js is installed: node --version
• Verify all dependencies are installed: npm install
• Rebuild the project: npm run build

Connection issues

• Verify SSH server is running on the target
• Check firewall settings
• Confirm credentials are correct
• Test SSH connection manually first

Claude Desktop integration

• Ensure the path in configuration is absolute
• Restart Claude Desktop after configuration changes
• Check Developer Console for error messages

Development

To modify or extend the server:

1. Edit source files in src/
2. Rebuild: npm run build
3. Test your changes
4. Restart Claude Desktop or VS Code to pick up changes

Running in Development Mode

For quick testing during development:

npm run dev

Contributing

Contributions for additional tools and features are welcome. Please feel free to submit pull requests or open issues for enhancements and bug fixes.

License

MIT License